California Law on Foreclosed Homes and Taxes

California Law on Foreclosed Homes and Taxes

California law on foreclosed homes and taxes means you may end up owing money to the IRS. Usually, when a foreclosure takes place in California, the lender will issue the borrower a Form 1099-C -- Cancellation of Debt -- that is also filed with the IRS. The form indicates the amount of debt forgiven due to foreclosure, information to calculate loss or gain and whether you will be personally responsible for taxes due on the forgiven debt.

California Foreclosure Laws

    California is a title theory state, which means a deed of trust is used to secure title to the property and remains with a trustee until the loan is paid in full. Primarily, title companies serve as trustees and manage the sale of foreclosed homes. The deed of trust usually contains a power of sale clause, indicating your agreement -- by signing the deed -- for the lender to sell your property to recover the debt, if you fail to make your mortgage payments. This method used to foreclose is known as a non-judicial foreclosure, as the courts are not involved. California law on foreclosed homes includes a one-action rule. The rule prohibits a lender from pursuing a deficiency judgment after foreclosure, which would be a second action.

Tax Consequences

    California law on foreclosed homes may indicate possible tax consequences if a lender has forgiven all or a portion of your debt owed, due to foreclosure, mortgage restructuring and deed in lieu of foreclosure or completion of a short sale. The IRS may consider the forgiven debt as taxable income. If Section 121 of the Internal Revenue Code (IRC) applies to your particular situation, the debt forgiven may not be taxable -- up to $250,000; $500,000 for joint returns -- if the foreclosed home has been your principal residence for at least two years.

Non-Recourse Loans

    In California, a mortgage loan obtained to buy a home (purchase-money mortgage) is a non-recourse loan. If the lender forecloses on your home, the situation is dealt with as if you sold the property for the amount owed on your loan. In this case, there is no taxable cancellation of debt (COD) income, as long as you qualify under Section 121 of the IRC. With a recourse loan in California, a foreclosure could result in COD income, particularly if your mortgage loan balance exceeds the current fair market value of your property. You may qualify under a provision of the IRC Section 108, which would allow the exclusion of COD income resulting from the "discharge of indebtedness." Recourse mortgage loans in California generally include refinanced mortgages, second mortgages, home equity loans and home equity lines of credit.

Mortgage Forgiveness Debt Relief Act

    California law on foreclosed homes and taxes includes mortgage forgiveness debt relief exclusions in regards to state taxes. Initially, the California act was intended to expire at the end of 2009. On April 12, 2010, the Conformity Act was passed, encompassing mortgage debt forgiven on or after January 1, 2009, and prior to January 1, 2013. It applies to all discharges received during calendar years 2007 through 2012. Depending on the year in which your debt was forgiven, the amount allowed to be excluded from your gross income varies.



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